Recently, Pune experienced a worrying spike in 67 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which has created panic among citizens and health authorities. This syndrome progresses rapidly, and its causes are still being studied. Here’s everything you need to understand about GBS, its symptoms, how it spreads, precautionary measures, and who is more prone to it.

What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)?

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare condition where the immune system attacks the body’s peripheral nerves around the spinal cord.
This leads to:

• Weakness in muscles, beginning in the legs and moving upwards
• Tingling sensations in the hands and feet
• Breathing/swallowing difficulties
• Paralysis in severe cases
  GBS is not contagious, making it even more alarming due to its fierceness. Hence, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.

How did it start, and since when?

The first case of GBS in Pune was reported when a resident of Sinhagad Road experienced continuous diarrhea and severe stomach pain, followed by muscle weakness that prevented him from walking. This was first reported in the year 2024. Medical tests reveal that GBS symptoms followed a gastrointestinal infection due to drinking filthy water. Ever since this case was made public, an outbreak has led many patients exhibiting similar symptoms to seek medical assistance, which has raised the red alarm.

Areas reporting GBS cases in Pune

The most affected regions include: Sinhagad Ro

ad (23) cases, Deccan Gymkhana (10) cases, Dhayari (12) cases, Aundh (15) cases, and Chinchwad (7) cases. The surge in GBS cases is alarming as the disease spreads across Maharashtra. The PMC is investigating the source of the infection, likely contaminated water.

What causes GBS?

The causes of GBS remain unclear, though some factors are suspected, including the following:.

• Infections like Campylobacter (from undercooked poultry) and viral infections are major.
• Many patients in Pune suffering from GBS have previously exhibited pain in the stomach or even diarrhea.
• Rare cases of GBS can occur after surgery or vaccination

What are symptoms of GBS?

Diagnosing GBS at the appropriate stage is highly crucial. Some of the symptoms to look out for are:

• Weakness and tingling sensations in the hand and legs.
• Muscle power reduction, which initially begins in the feet and legs first.
• Difficulty moving arms, walking, or climbing stairs.
• Severe symptoms that pose concern: difficulty breathing or swallowing, which may solicit 911 or an emergency care risk.

What group of people are most likely to suffer from GBS?

People suffering from GBS can include all types of people. However, the following factors increase the risk.
1. People recovering from a recent infection: individuals who have had an infection of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract recently.
2. Patients suffering from long Clovid: post-COVID patients who have low immunity.
3. Older people and kids: These age groups have relatively weaker immune systems, making them more prone to infections.
4. People living in the diseased area: with a lack of hygiene and unfiltered or unclean drinking water.

Precautions to take for GSB

Following these precautions can help prevent GBS.
1. Cleanliness: Using soap and water to wash hands frequently.
2. Clean water: filter and boil drinking water. Do not drink from sources that are not filtered.
3. Hygiene: Don’t purchase food from dirty vendors or consume insufficiently prepared poultry.
4. Monitor symptoms: Medical advice for signs such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, or muscle weakness should be taken without delay.
5. Strengthen immunity: Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins to strengthen immunity and avoid infections.

Government response to GBS outbreak

The Pune Municipal Corporation is conducting an epidemiological investigation for the outbreak with the assistance of the Indian Council of Medical Research. These efforts include collecting blood, stool, and water samples and conducting door-to-door surveys to identify the infection’s source.